Comprehensive Guide to Dubai Marina Parking Fees
Intro
Navigating the parking landscape in any bustling metropolis can be a daunting task, and Dubai Marina is no exception. As a hub of activity with its stunning waterfront, iconic skyscrapers, and vibrant lifestyle, understanding parking fees in this area is crucial for residents and visitors alike. Not only does it influence your day-to-day logistics, but it also plays a pivotal role in your financial planning.
Dubai Marina, with its picturesque views, upscale dining, and myriad of attractions, attracts locals and tourists in droves. With the increasing footfall, the need for efficient and straightforward parking solutions rises significantly. This article will break down the ins and outs of parking fees, from various pricing structures to payment methods, giving you the information needed to make informed decisions. Whether you’re looking to enjoy a leisurely weekend or need to navigate daily commutes, having a grasp on what you’ll be spending on parking can save you both time and money.
Understanding the different options available can feel like trying to find a needle in a haystack due to its complex nature. Various public and private parking facilities dot the landscape, each with its own set of regulations and prices. Let’s dive into the nitty-gritty and arm you with all the necessary details to maneuver through the parking maze in Dubai Marina.
Overview of Dubai Marina
Dubai Marina stands as a shining example of modern urban design, effortlessly combining luxury living with vibrant social spaces. It's a premier destination not just for tourists but also for investors and residents alike. This thriving waterfront community boasts a unique charm, characterized by a stunning skyline punctuated by high-end towers and leisure opportunities galore. Understanding the intricacies of this locale is key to making informed decisions, especially when it comes to navigating the somewhat complex parking landscape.
Characteristics of Dubai Marina
Dubai Marina is often described as a self-contained city, boasting a range of amenities that cater to every need. The development features a mix of residential, commercial and recreational spaces, wrapped around a stunning man-made marina. Here are a few defining features that set Dubai Marina apart:
- Diverse Residential Options: From opulent penthouses to cozy apartments, there’s a place for everyone within this community.
- Mesmerizing Views: The marina's waterway provides a picturesque backdrop, making it a sought-after address.
- Recreational Facilities: Parks, walkways, and waterfront promenades invite both residents and visitors to enjoy the outdoors.
- Vibrant Nightlife: Restaurants, cafes, and clubs contribute to a buzzing atmosphere, especially in the evenings.
In essence, these characteristics create an engaging environment. They form a significant gravitational pull for both residents looking for a lively place to live and tourists eager to explore.
Significance in Dubai's Urban Landscape
In the broader context of Dubai’s urban development, Marina has carved its niche as a vital component. It serves not only as a home for many but also as an economic hub that drives tourism and business. The area is synonymous with luxury and modern living, and its influence is felt across various sectors.
- Economic Impact: Investments in both residential and commercial spaces have surged, creating jobs and stimulating local businesses.
- Tourism Magnet: With attractions like the Dubai Marina Mall and the Beach at JBR, the area attracts millions each year, significantly contributing to the city's economy.
- Urban Connectivity: The Marina's location connects various neighborhoods, making it a pivotal point in the city's transport network.
For these reasons, understanding the nuances of Dubai Marina is critical, especially when considering practical aspects like parking fees that directly affect the experience of both residents and visitors.
Understanding Parking Fees
Parking fees in Dubai Marina serve as a vital facet of the urban logistics that shapes both daily life and tourism in this bustling locale. Getting a grasp of these fees promotes better planning, allowing residents and visitors to navigate the waterfront area with minimal hassle. With numerous attractions and a vibrant atmosphere, knowing when and where to park—and how much it will cost—can enhance one’s experience tremendously.
Moreover, diving into the details of parking fees can save individuals from unexpected expenses. Failing to understand the parameters influencing costs could lead to overpaying or missing out on available parking options altogether.
Defining Parking Fees
Parking fees pertain to the charges levied for utilizing designated parking spaces, whether in public or private facilities. Understanding these fees encompasses not just the outright costs, but also the rationale behind them. In Dubai Marina, parking structures have evolved to accommodate an increasing influx of residents and visitors alike, reflecting the area's growing popularity.
Clear definitions can help individuals strategize their parking plans effectively. For instance, hourly and daily rates differ considerably, influencing decisions on how long one parks and which options to pick. Moreover, clarity on fees fosters transparency, ensuring that all users are aware of their financial responsibilities.
Factors Influencing Parking Fees
Factors affecting parking fees are manifold and can vary significantly based on specific circumstances.
Location
The location of a parking facility is paramount in determining its fee structure. Spaces closer to popular destinations—like shopping centers, beaches, and eateries—tend to command higher prices. What makes this aspect significant is the accessibility it provides; parking further from hotspots may cost less, but might involve longer walking times.
A prime location is often a double-edged sword; while the convenience might seem enticing, the price can take a bite out of your budget. Areas near Dubai Marina’s attractions may be characterized by high traffic and limited availability, making early arrivals essential for securing reasonably priced spots.
Duration
Duration is another pivotal factor in shaping parking fees. This reflects how long a vehicle occupies a space and can strongly affect overall costs. For those on short trips, hourly rates might be most sensible; conversely, individuals requiring all-day parking may benefit from daily or weekly rates that offer savings.
The unique feature of duration lies in its flexibility; the more time you need, the less complex the payment structure becomes with longer-term options often yielding better value when parking for extended periods.
Time of Day
The time of day plays a critical role in establishing parking costs as well. Typically, peak hours across various locations result in elevated fees due to increased demand. Mornings and evenings often see a rush of commuters and tourists searching for limited spots, causing prices to rise.
Interestingly enough, late night rates may drop, influencing nightlife enthusiasts to opt for parking at those hours instead. Understanding how time influences fees helps one adjust their plans—both for cost efficiency and convenience.
Vehicle Type
Lastly, the type of vehicle you drive can also steer parking expenses. Standard car sizes generally incur lower fees, while larger vehicles like vans and SUVs typically attract higher charges due to the additional space they require. This consideration is particularly important for families or groups traveling together. Some parking areas may even levy special fees for luxury cars or electric vehicles, reflecting a broader trend in the automotive landscape.
In sum, understanding the various factors influencing parking fees—location, duration, time of day, and vehicle type—can aid in making informed decisions. This knowledge is crucial for both residents managing daily routines and visitors eager to experience the vibrancy of Dubai Marina without draining their wallets.
Types of Parking in Dubai Marina
Navigating the bustling Dubai Marina requires a keen understanding of the different parking options available. The variety of parking solutions not only caters to different needs but also enhances the overall convenience for both residents and visitors. In this section, we’ll dive into both public and private parking types, focusing on their characteristics, advantages, and considerations that can affect your choice while exploring this iconic locale.
Public Parking Facilities
Public parking facilities serve as the backbone of Dubai Marina's parking infrastructure. They are designed to accommodate the high influx of visitors and residents alike, providing accessibility to numerous attractions in the area.
Hourly Rates
Hourly rates are a widely adopted structure for public parking in Dubai Marina. They allow users to pay only for the time they actually need, making it an attractive option for short visits. This approach is especially valuable for those who may not need to stay for long periods. The key characteristic of hourly rates is their flexibility—one can park for just a few hours when meeting friends or visiting a café, without incurring excessive costs.
A unique feature of hourly rates is that they can often be adjusted during peak times. This can make parking slightly more expensive during prime hours, which is a clear disadvantage for some users—while providing access when demand is high. Users should always check local signage for the exact rates to avoid surprises.
Daily Rates
Catering to those planning for a longer stay, daily rates present a convenient way to park over an entire day without the worry of clocking every hour. This option is particularly beneficial for tourists exploring more of Dubai Marina’s attractions. Daily rates are usually more economical than paying for multiple hourly slots, especially when one intends to park for more than four hours.
However, a primary downside is that if your plans change unexpectedly, and you end up needing to leave earlier than anticipated, you might not make full use of what you've paid for. Daily rates are often cost-effective but can vary across different facilities, so comparing spots before committing can be wise.
Weekly Rates
For those staying a spell in the Marina, weekly rates can be an eye-catching deal. This option offers the most extended access to parking and can be particularly beneficial for residents who require consistent parking for their vehicles. The main advantage is the predictability of the cost — budgeting becomes easier when you know upfront what you’ll be spending for the week.
On the flip side, committing to a week’s worth of parking fees can pose a risk if plans change or if the car isn't used as frequently as expected. It’s essential to assess whether weekly parking aligns with one’s needs and patterns.
Private Parking Options
Private parking options often provide more exclusive and secure alternatives to public facilities. They cater to users who seek enhanced convenience, particularly during peak hours or special events.
Valet Services
Valet services elevate the parking experience, offering a seamless process where drivers can drop off their cars and let someone else handle the rest. For those looking to navigate through a crowded area with ease, valet services represent a popular choice, combining convenience with luxury.
A distinct advantage of valet services is the peace of mind they offer. You won’t have to worry about finding a spot, and your vehicle is handled professionally. However, the flip side is the increased cost associated with these services, which may not justify the expense for everyone. Moreover, waiting times can vary, especially during busy periods, which can be a downside for those in a rush.
Private Garages
For individuals who desire a more permanent solution, private garages offer dedicated spaces to park. These often come with secure accesses, enhancing the safety of your vehicle. The major upside of using private garages is consistency; knowing where your car is parked brings a sense of relief.
However, here’s the kicker—access may not always be as straightforward as public facilities, depending on the specific location and building regulations. This could lead to some inconvenience, particularly for visitors unfamiliar with the area.
Membership Programs
Membership programs present an attractive option for frequent visitors or locals who utilize parking regularly. By paying a flat fee, members can benefit from reduced rates and priority access, making this a financially savvy decision for those who frequent the Marina.
Nonetheless, membership fees can be a consideration, especially if parking usage fluctuates. It’s a good fit for those who routinely visit but could become a burden for someone who parks infrequently.
In summary, understanding these types of parking options in Dubai Marina is essential for making informed decisions. Whether opting for public or private choices, assessing the associated fees and convenience factors ensures a smoother experience in this vibrant area.
Fees Structure Detail
Understanding the parking fees' structure in Dubai Marina is essential for anyone navigating this bustling urban environment. With various options available for both residents and visitors, knowledge of the costs associated with parking can greatly influence one’s planning and overall experience. Knowing how the fees are categorized and the implications they carry can lead to more informed decisions about where to park your vehicle, whether for a few hours or several days.
Some key aspects to consider in the fees structure include the clarity of rates, potential discounts or surcharges, and the availability of parking facilities. This section breaks down the various rates for short-term and long-term parking, enabling a greater comprehension of what users can anticipate when they arrive in Dubai Marina.
Hourly Rates
Hourly parking rates in Dubai Marina are designed to accommodate the needs of transient users who only require short-term parking solutions. These rates typically vary based on the location and demand during peak hours. For instance, parking near popular attractions or within busy hotels can command higher fees compared to more remote areas.
Here’s a quick look at how hourly rates might break down:
- Standard Locations: Often set around 5 AED per hour, these can be a pragmatic option if you are planning a brief visit.
- Premium Locations: In close proximity to the Dubai Marina Mall or beachfront areas, rates can soar to 10 AED per hour or even more during peak times.
The advantage of understanding hourly rates lies in the ability for visitors to budget accurately, thereby avoiding unexpected charges when checking out. Should you enter a parking lot without clarity on these rates, you might end up paying much more than anticipated.
Daily and Weekly Rates
For those planning to stay a bit longer in Dubai Marina, daily and weekly rates come into play. These pricing structures provide significant savings for users who need parking for an extended duration. Typically, daily rates can vary from 50 AED to 75 AED based on the parking facility's level of demand and proximity to attractions. Opting for weekly rates can translate into further savings, especially for tourists or temporary residents.
It’s not uncommon for facilities to offer packages, where users can take advantage of a specific rate for a full week, sometimes as low as 350 AED. This can be particularly beneficial for visitors attending conferences or those involved in long-term recreational activities in the area.
To further clarify:
- Daily Rates: Ranges generally from 50-75 AED.
- Weekly Rates: May be around 300-450 AED based on the location and facility.
By comparing these rates, users can identify the best solutions that fit their needs. It’s also wise for users to pay attenton to any promotional offers that might arise, especially in less crowded seasons, as these can lead to substantial savings.
"Understanding parking fees can be the difference between a smooth trip and a constant headache."
In the end, having a grasp on hourly and daily/weekly parking rates not only eases the decision-making process but also allows one to enjoy the vibrant atmosphere of Dubai Marina without fretting about unexpected costs.
Payment Methods
In the bustling hub of Dubai Marina, understanding parking payment methods is a crucial aspect for both residents and visitors. It’s not just about where to park; it’s how to pay for that parking that can make or break the experience. Having a clear grasp of the different payment methods available is essential for effective navigation through the Marina's parking landscape, enabling users to plan accordingly and avoid any potential hassle.
When discussing payment methods, two main categories emerge: cash payments and digital payment options. Each of these has its own advantages and considerations, which we’ll explore in depth below.
Cash Payments
Using cash for parking in Dubai Marina is straightforward and remains a familiar method for many. It ensures instant transactions without the need for technology, which can be an advantage, especially for those who might not be tech-savvy or lack access to digital devices.
However, while it has its virtues, cash payments come with a couple key downsides. For one, you will need to ensure you have exact change to avoid extra hassle at payment machines or kiosks. Additionally, there might be limited cash payment options in some areas, as digital methods have become more prevalent. For those who prefer the old-school approach or are simply wary about technology, cash payments can be a reliable choice, though it is becoming less common.
Digital Payment Options
As technology evolves, so do payment methods, leading to a significant uptick in digital transactions. In Dubai Marina, the availability of various digital payment options provides an efficient and often quicker way to handle parking fees.
Mobile Apps
Mobile apps are taking the parking game by storm, simplifying the process for users. With applications tailored specifically for parking management, users can quickly find available spots and pay directly from their phones.
The key characteristic of mobile apps is their user-friendly interface, making transactions as simple as a few taps on a screen. This convenience is a substantial boon for busy professionals and tourists alike who seek efficiency in their daily lives.
One unique feature of many mobile apps is the ability for users to extend their parking duration remotely, which eliminates the worry of running back to the car before the time expires. This flexibility is one of the main advantages for anyone who may find themselves in the Marina for longer than anticipated. However, a disadvantage might include the necessity of having a smartphone and good network connectivity, which can be seen as hurdles for some individuals. When tech works, it's a breeze; when it doesn't, it can be a headache.
Contactless Transactions
In an era increasingly focused on hygiene and speed, contactless transactions have become a popular option. These allow drivers to pay for parking by simply tapping their cards or devices at designated terminals.
The standout feature of contactless transactions is their speed—payments are processed in moments, allowing drivers to spend less time at kiosks and more time enjoying Dubai Marina. This method not only streamlines the payment process but also reduces physical contact, a particularly relevant consideration in today's health-conscious climate.
However, a potential drawback is that not all parking areas or machines may support this method, so users need to check in advance. Additionally, while contactless payments are generally secure, it's wise to keep an eye on your transactions to guard against any fraud. In the end, this option represents a modern blend of convenience and security—an attractive solution for many.
Overall, whether opting for cash or leaning towards digital solutions, understanding the payment methods available is vital for parking efficiency. As Dubai Marina continues to grow, these methods will likely evolve, reflecting the changing landscape of technology and user preferences.
Parking Regulations and Guidelines
Parking regulations serve as a vital element in maintaining order and efficiency in Dubai Marina, a bustling hub known for its luxurious lifestyle and vibrant atmosphere. They are designed not only to facilitate seamless vehicular movement but also to enhance the overall experience of residents and visitors alike. Understanding these regulations is crucial—be it for those contemplating a leisurely visit or perspective investors eyeing property in the area.
Effective parking guidelines ensure that spaces are utilized optimally while minimizing congestion. With numerous dining spots, retail outlets, and recreational areas, proper management of the parking scenario directly impacts accessibility. The emphasis on adherence to these regulations results in a smoother flowing environment where accessibility is never compromised.
Permits and Restrictions
Permits and restrictions are the backbone of parking regulations in Dubai Marina. Various types of permits exist, tailored to different needs. Residents typically need a residential parking permit, which allows them to park in designated areas without incurring high fees. On the other hand, short-term visitors often rely on temporary passes that are valid for a limited duration.
Considerations include the following:
- Time-specific restrictions: Certain areas might prohibit parking during peak hours to alleviate traffic congestion.
- No-parking zones: Identifying areas where parking is strictly restricted to ensure compliance.
- Accessibility compliance: Ensuring designated spaces for disabled drivers are adhered to.
Familiarizing oneself with the necessary permits can vastly improve the parking experience. For instance, not acquiring a permit when required could lead to fines that chip away at your budget. Residents need to keep their permits current, as expired permits can attract unwarranted penalties.
Enforcement Policies
Enforcement policies in Dubai Marina act as the law of the land, ensuring that parking regulations are adhered to without exception. The authorities have set up measures that outline the consequences of violating parking rules, such as hefty fines and towing of improperly parked vehicles. These policies exist to maintain the aesthetic charm and the free-flowing nature of the marina’s landscape.
- Regular patrols: Expect to see parking inspectors regularly surveying the area. Their presence serves as a constant reminder to follow the rules.
- Automated ticketing systems: Technological advancements have allowed for the implementation of digital ticketing systems. Cameras monitor parking behaviors and can issue tickets without the need for a physical inspector.
- Public reporting mechanisms: Establishing channels through which residents can report parking violations helps keep the community accountable.
"Understanding parking regulations isn’t just for compliance; it is about respecting the community and ensuring our urban beauty remains pristine."
In essence, knowledge of the enforcement policies can not only save one from fines but foster a community spirit where everyone plays their part in keeping Dubai Marina orderly. Whether you are an investor eyeing opportunities or a first-time visitor, adherence to these regulations is essential. Keeping abreast of the latest regulations and enforcement policies can significantly enhance your experience and planning strategies.
Impact of Fees on Residents and Visitors
Parking fees in Dubai Marina resonate through the community, significantly affecting both residents and visitors. Understanding these fees is not merely about numbers; it’s about their implications on daily life, business decisions, and overall satisfaction with the area. For residents, the cost of parking can weigh heavily on their monthly expenses, potentially influencing their choice of local amenities or even their living situation. Visitors, on the other hand, are often caught off guard by unexpected charges, making it essential to grasp the fee structure before setting foot in such a vibrant locale.
For the discerning audience—investors, buyers, and professionals—navigating these waters smoothly can be a game changer. In an area like Dubai Marina, where foot traffic is plentiful, clear insights into parking costs can improve the visitor experience and enhance the appeal of residential properties.
"Efficient understanding of parking fees can encourage more visits and sustained residence, impacting overall community development."
Concerns of Residents
Residents of Dubai Marina often find themselves grappling with parking fees that seem to rise as swiftly as the towers that characterize the skyline. Monthly parking permits can become an expensive burden, especially for families or individuals who require near-constant access to their vehicles. Additionally, the number of parking spots available often does not coincide with demand, leading to frustration and inconvenience for those who call this area home. There are specific factors that frequently surface in discussions about parking fees:
- Affordability: Many residents express concerns on whether the parking fees align with average cost of living in Dubai Marina. High fees can lead residents to consider alternate areas or modes of transport.
- Availability Issues: The struggle to snag a suitable parking spot during peak hours can create a ripple effect on everyday errands, work commitments, and overall stress levels.
- Long-term Viability: As we see new developments and high-rise buildings being constructed, residents are often left wondering how changes in parking regulations will impact their daily lives.
Visitor Experiences
Visitors to the Marina might initially be mesmerized by the stunning views and upscale shopping opportunities, but once it comes down to parking, the experience can shift rather dramatically. Newly arrived guests sometimes find the parking fees puzzling, leading to stressful situations. Here are some common challenges faced by visitors:
- Sudden Fees: Tourists might not have anticipated the market rates for parking, which can lead to an unexpected financial burden, especially if they plan on spending the day exploring.
- Navigation Skills: The intricacies of finding the right parking area can be overwhelming. Signage may be unclear, or lots might be full, pushing visitors to waste precious time.
- Impact on Itinerary: High parking fees or long walks from distant parking spots can disrupt planned activities, making visitors think twice about their next trip to the Marina.
By understanding these elements, both visitors and residents can better plan their time and finances in Dubai Marina, making the vibrant locale that much more enjoyable.
Alternative Transportation Solutions
Transportation in Dubai Marina is not limited to parking; in fact, understanding the alternatives can hold greater value for residents and visitors alike. With the hustle and bustle of city life, relying solely on private vehicles can prove cumbersome. Therefore, alternative transportation methods deserve serious consideration, both for convenience and potential cost savings.
Public Transport Availability
Dubai Marina boasts a robust public transport system designed to serve the diverse needs of its populace. The Dubai Metro is particularly noteworthy, featuring a dedicated station right next to the Marina, which allows easy access to major attractions across the city. The convenience of hopping on the Metro means avoiding the headache of parking fees altogether.
In addition to the Metro, An extensive bus network connects the Marina to other districts, with frequent services ensuring minimal wait times. The buses are air-conditioned, comfortable, and provide a budget-friendly option for getting around.
- Key Benefits of Public Transport in Dubai Marina:
- Cost-effective compared to parking fees.
- Reduces the stress of finding a parking space.
- Eco-friendly, minimizing carbon footprints.
- Accessible for everyone, ensuring inclusivity.
When using public transport, it is important to keep an eye on the RTA fares, which can vary based on distance traveled. But overall, this mode of transportation is tailored to make life easier for both residents and tourists.
Ride-Sharing Services
As more residents turn to ride-sharing as their preferred mode of transportation, services like Uber and Careem have carved out a significant niche in Dubai Marina. Simply by utilizing a mobile app, users can summon a vehicle with just a few taps on their smartphones. This option has become increasingly popular thanks to the convenience it offers.
The ride-sharing experience comes with its own set of advantages:
- Time-Saving: No need to wait to find a parking spot or figure out where to leave a vehicle.
- Predictable Costs: Users can estimate fares ahead of time, allowing for better financial planning.
- Flexibility of Choice: Whether you are traveling solo, with family, or have larger groups, ride-sharing apps can adapt to your needs, offering various vehicle options.
However, it's also important to keep in mind peak hours where demand can surge and prices may rise as a result. Additionally, consider the impact of traffic on travel time, especially during busy periods.
"Utilizing public transportation or ride-sharing can not only save money but also allow individuals to experience the pulse of the city while reducing the stress associated with parking in busy areas."
Given the various options available, both public and ride-sharing services present viable alternatives to private vehicle ownership or usage. Embracing these solutions serves not only as a savvy financial choice but also fosters a more sustainable urban environment.
Future Trends in Parking
In the bustling landscape of Dubai Marina, the dynamics of parking are constantly evolving. Keeping an eye on future trends is essential for anyone who frequents this vibrant area, whether as a resident or a visitor. As urbanization grows, so does the necessity to innovate parking solutions. Understanding these trends not only enhances the overall experience but also prepares one for the shifts that may affect their daily routines and financial planning.
Technological Advancements
Technology is reshaping the way we think about parking. In Dubai Marina, we see a significant push toward smart parking solutions. This includes the integration of sensors that can monitor available spaces and send real-time updates to users. These systems provide drivers with notifications about where to park, reducing the frustration of searching for spots. Imagine receiving an alert on your phone just as you leave your home, informing you of an available parking space nearby.
- Mobile Apps: Applications such as ParkMe or Parkopedia are becoming increasingly indispensable. They allow users to find parking spaces quickly, compare rates, and even reserve them in advance. This can save valuable time and effort, especially during peak hours.
- Automated Payment Systems: The shift toward cashless transactions through mobile apps is becoming the norm. Automated kiosks are popping up that accept various digital payment methods, streamlining the process and reducing the need for physical cash.
- Self-Parking Technology: Some new luxury developments are even planning to implement automated parking systems, where drivers simply drop their vehicle off at the entrance and the system parks it. This concept is starting to gain traction, as it maximizes space and minimizes the hassle for drivers.
These advancements not only signify a more convenient parking experience but also reflect a significant step towards modernization and integration in urban planning in parks.
Sustainability Measures
As discussions around climate change and environmental impact grow louder, sustainability in parking solutions is crucial. In Dubai Marina, there are significant strides towards establishing eco-friendly practices in parking that benefit both the community and the environment.
- Green Parking Options: Initiatives are being introduced that encourage the usage of electric vehicles (EVs). Many parking facilities are now equipped with EV charging stations. This not only supports environmentally-conscious drivers but also aligns with UAE's broader vision of reducing carbon footprints.
- Rainwater Harvesting: Some developments are incorporating rainwater harvesting systems in their parking designs, using collected rainwater for irrigation purposes or cleaning surfaces. This reduces water wastage and promotes sustainable practices.
- Eco-Friendly Materials: The construction of new parking structures often utilizes sustainable and recyclable materials. This aligns with global trends of promoting sustainability and can greatly reduce the overall environmental impact of buildings.
Sustainable practices in parking not only help the environment but also create a marketable advantage for properties that can attract eco-aware tenants and visitors.
